Clean blood from the lungs passes through the mitral valve into the left ventricle of the heart. For a healthy life, it is crucial that this valve functions properly. Unfortunately, recent statistics show that approximately 1% of deaths worldwide are related to heart valve problems.
Today, there are two primary treatment approaches for mitral valve disorders, depending on the type and severity of the valve deformity. When the deformity is minimal, the valve can be repaired. However, in cases where the damage is irreversible, valve replacement becomes necessary.
In the minimally invasive approach, mitral valve repair or replacement is performed with minimal intervention to the patient’s body. Because the breastbone is not cut, the recovery process is significantly faster and more comfortable compared to traditional surgery.
The procedure involves a small incision of approximately 7 cm on the lower right side of the chest to access the heart. Additionally, a small incision in the right groin allows connection to the heart-lung machine via the arteries and veins.
During the procedure, a camera inserted into the body provides a detailed view of the surgical area. The magnified images enable surgeons to perform extremely precise and delicate interventions, ensuring accurate and effective treatment.
In minimally invasive mitral valve replacement, two main types of valves are commonly used: mechanical valves made from carbon-based materials and biological valves derived from animal tissues, usually from pigs, cows, or horses. The choice of valve generally depends on the patient’s age and the presence of any rhythm disorders.
Mechanical Valves:
- Can last a lifetime without deforming.
- Patients with mechanical valves must take blood-thinning medication for life to prevent clot formation.
Biological Valves:
- Require blood-thinning medication only for a limited period after surgery (typically 3 months).
- After this period, long-term anticoagulation is usually unnecessary.
- Unlike mechanical valves, biological valves can gradually wear out over time and may need replacement every 10–15 years due to structural degeneration.
- Because of this, biological valves are often preferred for older patients, particularly those over 60, to reduce long-term surgical interventions.
The choice of valve is carefully tailored to the patient’s age, lifestyle, and medical condition to ensure optimal outcomes.
Prof.Dr. Ali Civelek
**Cardiovascular Surgery Specialist